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Secret
I 25X1
CIA Historical Staff
Chronology 1946-63
Volume 1 1946-35
Secret
June 1970
Copy ^0 39
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WARNING
This document contains information aflEecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
GKOUP I
Excluded from outomollc
downgracHng and dtclasilfkotlon
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25X1
CHRONOLOGY 1946-65
Volume I 1946-55
June 1970
Historical Staff
Central Intelligence Agency
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Foreword
This chronology provides the Agency historian with a brief,
factual introduction to the main currents of the two turbulent
decades of world affairs after World War II, when the United
States emerged as leader of the Free World and when the Central
Intelligence Agency evolved as a significant instrument of US
national security policy in the cold war. The chronology
reflects CIA's development and progress not only as a central
agency for the analysis of intelligence information and the
preparation of strategic intelligence estimates but also as
an active, operational member of the US and Allied security
system.
The chronology consists of four parallel columns; column
1 cites occurrences of world-wide significance; column 2,
events of national interest; column 3, developments in the US
intelligence and national security communities; and column 4,
milestones in the evolution of the Agency. Included are
public events of major political, diplomatic, military, and
technological significance, as well as selected intra-Agency
activities .
In format and detail the chronology is necessarily selective
and terse. The historian will, of _ course , wish to exploit
the many specialized chronologies in his field--both clas-
sified and unclassified. In addition, he will also find
useful the historical compilations prepared by the Library
of Congress for the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
United States Senate such as Background Information Relating
to Southeast Asia and Vietnam, 5th rev ed (91st Congress, 1st
Session". 1969) and A Select Chronology and Background Documents
Relating to the Middle East , 1st rev ed (91st Congress, 1st
Session, 1969). The numerous entries in the Annual Index of
the New York Times provide details on the day-to-day progress
of public affairs; Neville Williams' Chronology of the Modern
World, 1st American ed. New York, David McKay, 1967, is an
important British compilation; Andre Fontaine's two chrono-
logies in his History of the Cold War , New York, Pantheon,
1965, illuminate events from the French point of view; and
the latter part of William L. Danger's An Encyclopedia of
World History, 4th ed, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1968,
furnishes a chronological survey of the postwar period in
its broadest historical perspective.
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Contents
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
Page
. 2
. 14
. 20
. 26
. 32
. 40
. 46
. 52
. 60
.. 6 8
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Jan- Feb 46
Global
United States
JAN . United Nations Organiza-
tion convenes in initial meet-
ings in London;
10 Jan. General Assembly;
17 Jan. Security Council;
1 Feb. Trygve Lie (Norway)
elected Secretary General;
25 Mar. Military Staff
Committee meets first time.
6 JAN . Turkey's Premier de-
nounces Soviet territorial
claim to Kars and Ardahan
provinces .
24 JAN . US Signal Corps radar
contact with moon announced.
19 JAN . Iran asks UN to in-
vestigate Soviet interference;
19 Mar. dispute tabled at
Security Council;
25 Mar. Soviet troops
start to leave Iran;
26 Mar. UN hearings open.
4 FEB . Romanian government
(Groza) recognized by US;
18 Apr. Yugoslav govern-
ment (Tito) recognized.
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Intelligence Community
Jan-Feb 46
Central Intelligence Agency
2 2 JAN . National intelligence
organization established by
Pres. Truman:
National Intelligence
Authority (NIA) as policy and
coordinating body,
Intelligence Advisory
Board (lAB) as community com-
mittee ,
Central Intelligence Group
(CIG) as operating agency.
Director of Central Intel-
ligence (DCI) to serve in all
three bodies .
23 JAN . Rear Adm. Sidney W.
Souers, USNR (Deputy Chief of
Naval Intelligence) , appointed
first DCI by Pres. Truman.
4 FEB . lAB convenes for first
time , with DCI, State, War,
Navy, and Army Air Forces
reps.; J.S. Lay, Jr., Sec'y.
5 FEB . NIA convenes for first
time with Secretaries James F.
Byrnes (State), Robert P. Pat-
terson (War) , James Forrestal
(Navy) , Adm. William D. Leahy
(Pres. Truman's representat-
ive), and DCI Souers;
8 Feb. first NIA Direct-
ives (Nos.l and 2) prescribe
DCI and CIG missions and
functions .
18 Feb. J.S. Lay, Jr.,
appointed NIA Secretary.
6 FEB . Central Reports Staff
(CRS) activated in CIG with
Ludwell L. Montague (from
State) Acting Chief.
8 FEB . Central Planning Staff
(CPS) established in CIG;
18 Feb.
[iiameu acting
Chief;
25 Jun. Capt. C.E. Olsen
(Navy) appointed Acting Chief.
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Fe b-M ar 46
Global
United States
12 FEB. In Argentina's elec-
tion campaign, US issues
"Blue Book" on Nazi wartime
influince in Argentina and
Latin America;
22 Feb. Peron counters with
"Blue and VJhite Book," charg-
ing US Embassy with espionage;
28 Mar. Peron elected Presi-
dent .
15 FEB. Canada seizes 22 as
Soviet spies. Royal Investi-
gating Commission announced;
4 Mar. Interim report.
14 FEB . Lt. Gen. Walter B.
Smith succeeds W. Averell
Harriman as Ambassador to
USSR;
26 Apr. Embassy's Minister
Counsellor George F. Kennan
reassigned to , Washington .
5 MAR . Churchill warns of
Soviet "iron curtain," sug-
gests US-British "fraternal
association" in speech at
Fulton, Mo.
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Feb-Mar 46
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
14 FEB , first Daily Summary
disseminated ;
7 Jun. first Weekly Sum -
mary ;
10 Jun. Weekly Summary
approved by lAB and placed
under lAB ' s "common observa-
tion" and advice.
20 FEB . State-War-Navy Coor-
dinating Committee (SWNCC)
reconvenes with new Navy
member (John C. Geilfuss) ;
Apr. new State member and
chairman (Maj . Gen. John D.
Hilldring) ;
Jul. new War member (Dean
Rusk) .
18 FEB.
25X1A
named CIG's first adminis-
trative officer (actincf) ;
17 Apr.
25X1A
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14 MAR . Survey report on OSS
and Strategic Services Unit
(SSU) completed by lAB sub-
committee ;
2 Apr. NIA orders SSU
liquidated by CIG by 1 Jul 47;
CIG authorized to absorb
OSS/SSU assets as appropriate;
4 Apr . I I
I succeeds Brig. Gen.
John A. Magruder as SSU Dir-
ector .
2 6 MAR . FBI (J. Edgar Hoover,
Director) added to lAB member-
ship .
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Aur-Jun 46
Global United States
5-9 APR . US naval force visits
Istanbul and Dardanelles,
25 APR . Big Four Council of
Foreign Ministers (CFM) recon-
venes in Paris to discuss
peace treaties, upcoming peace
conference, status of Germany;
meetings continue to 15
May, reconvene 15 Jun to 12
Jul .
Present: Byrnes, Bevin,
Molotov, Bidault.
2 MAY . 11-nation Internation-
al Military Tribunal convenes
in Tokyo ;
27 indicted as war crimi-
nals .
3 1 MAY . Pearl Harbor hearings
concluded by Congressional
Joint Committee;
20 Jul. majority and minor-
ity reports released.
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Intelligence Community
Apr-i T un 46
Central Intelligence Agency
APR . State's intelligence
group (inherited from
OSS/R&A) reorganized after
budget cuts by Budget Bureau
and House Appropriations Com-
mittee ;
9 Apr. research decentral-
ized to geographical divi-
sions ;
23 Apr. Alfred McCormack
(Special Assistant for Re-
search and Intelligence)
res igns ;
9 May. William L. Langer
succeeds McCormack, joins lAB .
MAY . Transfer of FBIS assets
from War to State proposed by
Gen. Vandenberg;
29 Jun . transferred by NIA
to CIG and assigned to Office
of Collection;
17 Oct. moved to Office of
Operations .
9 MAY > lAB agrees on USSR as
priority intelligence object-
ive in CIG 8 and 8/1;
19 Jul. CIG's first esti-
mate of Soviet capabilities
and intentions world-wide re-
quested by President Truman;
23 Jul. estimate delivered.
25X1
JUN . At War Department, Maj .
Gen. Stephen J. Chamberlin
succeeds Vandenberg as Direc-
tor of Intelligence;
10 Jun. joins lAB.
7 JUN . CIG's first consult-
ants are announced:
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Jun-Jul 46
Global
United States
30 JUN . US national security
and international expenditures
in FY 46 reduced to $46.2 i?il-
lion from $84.5 billion in
FY 45.
Military strength reduced to
to 3 million officers and en-
listed men, from 12 million in
FY 45.
25X1
1 JUL . US tests atomic weapons
at Bikini;
1 Aug. Atomic Energy Com-
mission established along with
Congressional Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy;
28 Oct. David E. Lilienthal
appointed AEC chairman;
12 Dec. science advisory
committee established.
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Jun-Jul 46
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
MID-JUN . Communications intel-
ligence activities reorganized;
CIG and Army Air Forces added
to community board {State-
Army-Navy Communications Board
— STANCIB) , renamed US Com-
munications Intelligence Board
(USCIB) .
7 JUN . Lt. Gen. Hoyt S. Van-
denberg (Assistant Chief of
Intelligence, War Department
General Staff) appointed- DCI,
replacing Souers; sworn in, 10
Jun .
17 JUN. OSS/SSU assets reor-
ganized in CIG;
SI and X-2 branches merged
into a new Foreign Security
Re ports Office (FSRO) , head ed
by
11 jui. urnce or specikl
Operations (OSO) established
under CIG Assistant Director
D onald H. Galloway ;
named Deputy
"A" tor secret c^lection. and
26 JUN,
iuti
PCI's office re organ-
named
ized
Executive to uui;
23 Jul. Execut ive Staff
established under I
Assistant
executive
Director', with Executives for
Control, Operations, Advisory
Council, and Personnel Admin-
istration ;
26 Aug. Organization Branch
added .
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17 JUL . NIA convenes in first
meeting with DCI Vandenberg;
26 Jul. NIA establishes
Interdepartmental Committee on
Acquisition of Foreign Publi-
cations, with Librarian of
Congress as chairman, and sec-
retariat in State.
19 JUL . Offices of Collection
and Dissemination established
in CIG;
10 Sep. combined into a
single OCD.
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Jul-Aua 46
Global
United States
29 JUL. Peace Conference con-
venes in Paris (29 Jul-15 Oct.)
with 21 nations represented;
Oct. treaties concluded
with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria,
Hungary, and Finland;
4 Nov. 4-power Council of
Foreign Ministers reconvenes
for final amendments .
2 AUG . Senate votes US adher-
ence to reorganized World
Court (I.C.J.) except on
"domestic” matters.
8 AUG. USSR renews demand for
joint control of Dardanellss
with Turkey (revision of
Montreux Convention) ;
21-22 Aug. rejected by US
and Turkey.
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Jul-Auq 46
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
20 JUL . CIG coordination staff
further reorganized;
CPS replaced by Interde-
partmental Coordinating and
Planning Staff (ICAPS); CPS
personnel re-assigned to OSO
and ICAPS ;
I ~ ~ ~ I named act-
ing chief of ICAPS, 23 Jul.
22 JUL . Central Reports Staff
reorganized as Office of Re-
search and Evaluation (ORE)
25X1
of Reports and Estimates.
with Montague acting head;
2 / Oct . ORE renamed otti
AUG . At State, William A. Eddy
succeeds Langer as Secretary's
Special Assistant for Research
and Intelligence;
1 Dec. Allan Evans named
Director of Office of Intelli-
gence Research.
2 3 JUL . CIG Advisory Council
established for communications
intelligence ;
16 Aug.
[appointed chief;
13 Dec.
~r
9 Jan 47.
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Sep-Dp.r:
Global
United States
15 SEP . Greek civil war re-
newed . *'
30 SEP . Nazi war crimes trials
at Nuremberg ended: 3 men ac-
quitted, 19 sentenced by In-
ternational Tribunal, 4 German
organizations indicted, 4 ac-
quitted .
12 SEP . Secretary of Commerce
Henry A. Wallace publicly de-
plores "get tough with Russia"
policy;
20 Sep. Wallace dismissed
by Pres , Truman .
4 OCT . Pres. Truman publicly
pledges US support to a sepa-
rate Jewish state in Palestine.
19 NOV . Afghanistan, Iceland,
and Sweden join UN;
16 Dec. Thailand joins UN.
28 NOV . Indo-Chinese war be-
gins , Haiphong bombed by
French;
20 Dec. Ho Chi Minh govern-
ment evacuates Hanoi.
12 DEC . UN General Assembly
calls for diplomatic boycott
of Spain.
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OCT . Evaluation of CIG by Dr.
Sherman Kent, "Prospects for
the National Intelligence
Service," published in Yale
Review , autumn 1946 — first
major critique of US postwar
intelligence in academic
press .
1 OCT . CIG's authority for
personnel-clearance investiga-
tions agreed to by lAB.
17 OCT . Office of Operations
( 00 ) established under Brig.
Gen. Edwin L. Sibert, replac-
ing "B" Deputy, OSO;
25X1A
last meeting chaired by DCI
Vandenberg.
17 DEC . First major Congres-
sional review of postwar US
intelligence (filed by Peter
Vischer, House Military Af-
fairs Committee) urges per-
manent NIA system under civil-
ian direction and Congres-
sional control.
31 DEC . Foreign Documents
Division (FDD) established in
00, outgrowth of Army- Navy
VJashington Document Center for
captured Japanese and German
documents.
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Jan-Jun 47
Global
10 MAR . Council of Foreign
Ministers reconvenes in Mos-
cow on German questions;
24 Apr. adjourns without
agreement ;
25 Nov. reconvenes in Lon-
don ;
15 Dec. adjourns indefini-
tely .
5 MAY . French government
(Ramadier) dismisses Communist
ministers .
United States
21 JAN . Gen. George C. Mar-
shall, returning from 15-month
China mission, succeeds Byrnes
as Secretary of State;
12 May. Under Secretary
Dean Acheson resigns;
1 Jul. Robert A. Lovett
appointed Under Secretary.
12 MAR . Pres. Truman asks US
Congress for aid to Greece and
Turkey ("Truman Doctrine");
23 Apr. $400 million bill
passed by Senate;
9 May. passed by House;
22 May. signed by Pres.
Truman .
3 MAY . Japanese constitution,
developed under Gen. Mac-
Arthur's sponsorship, goes
into effect.
5 JUN . Secretary of State
Marshall announces European
economic recovery plan
("Marshall plan") ;
2 Jul. rejected by USSR
and East European satellites
and Finland;
Jul. Paris conference of
16 "Marshall plan" countries
convenes .
30 JUN . US national security
and international expenditures
in FY 47 reduced to $20.9 bil-
lion from $46.2 billion in FY
46.
Military strength declined
to 1.5 million officers and
enlisted men from 3 million in
FY 46 .
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Jan-Jun 47
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
20 JAN . Col. Edwin K. V7right
relieved as DCI Vandenberg's
Executive and named Deputy
Director of Central Intelli-
gence (DDCI) .
12 FEB . NIA prescribes re-
quirements on China in Direc-
tive No. 8.
30 APR . Subcommittee on Psy-
chological Warfare (PWC) es-
tablished by SWNCC;
5 Jun. renamed Subcommittee
on Special Studies and Evalu-
ation (SSE) .
1 5 MAY . lAB reconvenes in
first meeting chaired by DCI
Hillenkoetter .
18 APR . DCI's atomic-energy
intelligence coordination
functions defined by NIA Dir-
ective No. 9.
30 APR . Rear Adm. Roscoe H.
Hillenkoetter appointed DCI
to succeed Vandenberg;
1 May. Hillenkoetter sworn
in, Wright continuing as
DDCI; 25X1 A
1 2 MOV.
appointed Exec-
Tive Director.
25X1A
2 2 JUN . Pres . Truman appoints
three foreign-aid investiga-
tion committees , chaired by
Julius A. Krug, Edwin G.
Nourse, and W. Averell Harri-
man (reports released 9 Oct,
2 8 Oct, and 7 Nov, respective-
ly) .
22 Jul. House of Represent-
atives establishes special
committee on foreign aid
(Christian A. Herter) ;
23 Dec. Congress, convened
in special session, approves
$540 million for France, Italy,
Austria, and China.
2 6 JUN . State-OSS map library
and geographic intelligence
functions transferred to CIA,
to be located in ORE as Map
Intel ligp.n CO Rr^nnh . handed
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Global
United States
JUL . US "containment" policy
toward USSR urged publicly by
"Mr. X" (George F. Kennan) in
Foreign Affairs article on
"The Sources of Soviet Con-
duct . "
11 JUL . Lt. Gen. Albert G.
Wedemeyer sent by Pres . Truman
on mission to Korea and China,
returns 18 Sep.
15 AUG . India and Pakistan be-
come independent Dominions in
British Commonwealth.
2 SEP . Inter-American Mutual
Assistance Treaty, including
anti-Communist security agree-
ments, signed at Rio de
Janeiro conference, first un-
der UN charter.
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Jul-Sep 47
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
1 JUL. CIG security staffs re-
organized, renamed Inspections
and Security Staff (I&S) ;
1 Jul. Col. Sheffield
Edwards appointed CIG Execu-
tive for I&S.
26 JUL . National Security Act
signed creating a single
National Military Establish-
ment (NME) under a Secretary
of Defense, with unified Joint
Chiefs of Staff, War Council,
Munitions Board, and Research
and Development Board;
18 Sep. establishment of
National Security Council (re-
placing NIA) , National Secur-
ity Resources Board, and Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency (re-
placing CIG) .
26 JUL. Navy Secretary James
Forrestal appointed and con-
firmed as first Secretary of
Defense (sworn in 17 Sep) ;
21 Aug. three departmental
Secretaries in NME appointed:
Kenneth C. Roy all (Army) , John
L. Sullivan (Navy) , and W.
Stuart Symington (Air Force) .
11 SEP. lAB convenes in last
meeting before reorganization
into lAC;
Atomic Energy Commission
meinber added (Rear Adm. John
E. Gingrich, intelligence and
security director) ;
NIA issues final directive
on changeover to NSC (NIA Dir-
ective No . 11) .
1 JUL . Executive for Adminis-
tration and Management (A&M)
established, replacing Person-
nel and Administration Branch
and ICAPS ' management service;
"lamed A&M Execu-
tlVS; — covert administrative
matters transferred to OSO,
along with Communications
Division .
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29 AUG. Rear Adm. Roscoe H.
Hillenkoetter reappointed by
Pres. Truman to statutory
position of DCI as establish-
ed in National Security Act;
26 Sep. re-sworn in.
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United States
5 OCT . Communist Information
Bureau (COMINFORM) , for coor-
dinating Party activities in
nine European countries, an-
nounced in Moscow.
5 DEC . US embargoes arms ship-
ments to the Middle East.
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Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
26 SEP. Pres. Truman's NSC
holds initial organizational
meeting;
12 Dec. first NSC Intelli-
gence Directives issued, out-
lining CIA, departmental, and
lAC responsibilities (NSCID
Nos . 1-6 ) ;
17 Dec. first NSC directive
prescribing CIA's responsibil-
ities for covert psychological
operations issued (NSCID 4-A) .
1 OCT . W. Park Armstrong, Jr.,
succeeds William 0. Eddy as
Secretary of State's Special
Assistant for Research and In-
telligence, representing State
on lAC .
4 NOV. SWNCC renamed State-
Army -Navy -Air Force Coordinat-
ing Committee (SANACC) , with
member added for new Depart-
ment of the Air Force;
Aug 48. placed under NSC;
30 Jun 49. discontinued.
20 NOV. Intelligence Advisory
Committee (lAC) , replacing lAB ,
convenes for first time: DCI
Hillenkoetter , chairman; W.
Park Armstrong, Jr., (State);
Chamberlin (Army) ; Inglis
(Navy) ; McDonald (Air Force) ;
Gingrich (AEC) ; Brig. Gen.
Walter E. Todd (JCS) , FBI (re-
presentative absent) , and
Prescott Childs (CIA/ICAPS)
secretary ;
8 Dec. Maj . Gen. C.P.
Cabell succeeds McDonald (AF) ,
and William C. Trueheart suc-
ceeds Gingrich (AEC) .
1 OCT . Joint Array-Navy Intel-
ligence Surveys (JANIS pro-
gram) transferred to CIA from
NME , reestablished as National
Intelligence Surveys (NIS
program) in Basic Intelligence
Division of ORE;
Joint Intelligence Study
Publishing Board (JISPB) dis-
continued, replaced by ad hoc
committee appointed by lAB
(Sep 47 ) , then by NIS Commit-
tee established under lAC,
(Jan 48) , with CIA chairman
and secretariat.
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United States
27 JAN . Smith -Mundt Act signed,
first Congressional authoriza-
tion for US world-wide inform-
ation and cultural activities
program.
16 FEB . North! Korean People's
Democratic Republic (Commu-
nist) proclaimed at Pyong-
yang;
15 Aug. Republic of South
Korea proclaimed, with Syngman
Rhee as president.
2 5 FEB . Communist coup in
Czechoslovakia, under
Gottwald;
Feb-Mar. "war scare" ru-
mors in Europe.
27 FEB . Finland-USSR mutual
assistance pact proposals re-
vealed;
6 Apr. pact signed;
23 May. Finland's Communist
Minister of Interior dismissed;
1 Jul. Communists lose 11
seats in parliamentary elect-
ions .
15 MAR . In Japan, opposition
party (Democratic Liberals)
formed;
14 Oct. elects Yoshida
prime minister;
19 Oct. Yoshida forms new
government.
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Jan-Har 48
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
13 JAN. NSC redefines coordin-
ation of intelligence collect-
ion (NSCID No. 2) and pro-
duction (NSCID No. 3) ;
25 May and 18 Jan 49 .
scientific and technological
intelligence (NSCID Nos. 8,
10 ) .
13 FEB . NSC establishes con-
sultants group to survey CIA
and US intelligence community,
with Allen V7. Dulles (chair-
man) , William H. Jackson,
Mathias F. Correa, and Robert
Blum (Executive Secretary) .
Interim reports filed 3
and 13 May 48, final report,
1 Jan 49.
1 JAN . Special Procedures
Branch for covert psychologi-
cal operations established
in OSO;
24 Feb. Thomas G. Cassady
announced Chief;
22 Mar. renamed Special
Procedures Group (SPG) ;
18 Jun. SPG replaced
by Office of Special Projects,
chartered by NSC 10/2.
7 MAR. State's Policy Planning
Staff reorganized, George F.
Kennan appointed Director.
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Apr-Jun 48
Global
United States
3 0 MAR . 9th Inter-American
Conference convenes at Bogota,
interrupted by Communist riots,
establishes defense council
and drafts charter for new Or-'
ganization of American States,
(OAS) .
18 APR . Italy holds national
elections, Christian Democrats
win absolute majority, against
30% popular vote for Commun-
ist-Socialist bloc;
23 May. de Gasperi and
Sforza form new government.
1 4 MAY . British mandate in
Palestine ends, state of
Israel proclaimed;
14-17 May. recognized by
US, France, and USSR.
2 0 JUN . Berlin blockaded
by USSR, against West German
occupation zones; massive US
airlift launched on 26 Jun;
11 May 49 . Soviet blockade
lifted .
28 JUN . Yugoslavia expelled
from COMINFORM by Soviets.
3 APR . Foreign Assistance Act
signed, $5.3 billion author-
ized for European economic re-
covery programs (ERP) ;
6 Apr. Paul G. Hoffman
named head of Economic Coop-
eration Administration (ECA) ;
28 Jun. appropriations
passed by Congress, signed.
1 1 JUN . Senate approves "Van-
denberg Resolution," favoring
principle of regional security
arrangements, including
Brussels Pact of 17 March and
proposed North Atlantic Treaty.
2 8 JUN . Displaced Persons Act
signed for admitting 200,000
non-quota DP's from Europe
over following two years .
30 JUN . US national security
and international expenditures
in FY 48 reduced to $16.3 bil-
lion, from $20.9 billion in FY
47.
Military strength declined
to 1.4 million officers and
men (as of 30 Jun 48) from 1.5
million in FY 47.
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Intelligence Community
Apr-Jnn 48
f
Central Intelligence Agency
3 MAY . Reference Center (orig-
inally established in ORE,
then moved to A&M) relocated in
OCD, along with Collection and
Dissemination Offices and Cen-
tral Records Division;
18 May. Dr. James M. Andrews
named AD/CD.
16 JUN. lAC's membership
changes : for Army , Ma j . Gen .
A.R. Bolling succeeds Chamber-
lin ;
3 Dec. Bolling succeeded
by Maj . Gen. S. LeRoy Irwin,
and for AEC, Dr. Walter F.
Colby succeeds Trueheart.
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Jul-Dec 48
Global
United States
6 JUL . North Atlantic Treaty
negotiations begin with 7
sponsoring nations: US, UK,
Canada, France, Belgium, Neth-
erlands, and Luxembourg:
3-30 Mar 49. Norway, Italy,
Denmark, Iceland, and Portugal
added to NATO group;
4 Apr 49. treaty signed;
21 Jul 49. ratified by US
Senate;
24 Aug 49. ratified by
other nations .
1 SEP . North China People's
Government proclaimed on
Communist radio;
30 Oct. Communist troops
occupy Mukden, win control of
Manchuria;
15 Jan 49. occupy Tientsin;
31 Jan 49. enter Peking.
19 AUG . US denounces Soviet
Consul General activities in
New York;
24 Aug. USSR announces
closing of its consulates in
US, asks same of US in USSR.
2 NOV . Harry S. Truman elect-
ed President, defeating Thomas
E. Dewey (Republican) , Henry
A. Wallace (Progressive) , and
Strom Thurmond (States'
Rights) ;
Alben W. Barkley elected
Vice President.
7 NOV . French elections held;
de Gaulle party wins 107 of
320 council seats. Communists
reduced from 88 to 16 seats.
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Jul-Dec 48
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
1 JUL. NSC prescribes charter
for US Communications Intel-
ligence Board (USCIB) , in
NSCID No. 9.
AUG. Survey of US internal
security coordination complet-
ed; conducted for NSC by J.
Patrick Coyne (consultant from
FBI) .
1 SEP. Office of Policy Coor-
nation (OPC) established fo r
replacing Office ot special
Projects .
25X1 A
15 NOV. Hoover Commission's
Task Force on National Secur-
ity Organization (Headed by
Ferdinand Eberstadt) files
public report of its survey of
NSC agencies, including CIA;
21 Feb 49. Hoover Commission
makes further national secur-
ity recommendations based on
report of Foreign Affairs Task
Force, headed by Harvey H.
Bundy and James Grafton Rogers .
28 Feb 49. Hoover Commission
partially endorses Eberstadt
recommendations .
27 DEC.
lamed acting AD/SO.
25X1 A
25X1A
31 DEC. ORE Scientific Branch
re-established as separate
Office of S cientific Intelli-
gence, with
as AD/SI;
14 Feb. OSO's Nuclear
Energy Group transferred to
OSI.
25X1 A
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Jan-Ilar 49
Global
United States
2 5 JAN . USSR announces new
Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance (CEMA, sometimes
abbr. COMECON), embracing USSR,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Polan^i, and Romania;
11 Feb. Yugoslavia's exclu-
sion confirmed.
20 JAN . Pres. Truman's 4-point
program, in inaugural address,
includes technical and finan-
cial aid to economically un-
derdeveloped areas;
24 Jun. program outlined
in message to Congress.
2 7 JAN . Council of Europe es-
tablished by western foreign
ministers meeting in London;
8 Aug. Greece and Turkey
added .
FEB . Arrests and trials for
espionage and treason in Sovi-
et Bloc:
8 Feb. Cardinal Minds zenty
sentenced in Hungary;
8 Mar. 15 Protestant clergy
sentenced in Bulgaria;
10 Jun. Xoxe and 3 other
ex-ministers sentenced in Al-
bania;
Jun. Hungarian Foreign Min-
ister Lazio Rajk and others ar-
rested (executed 15 Oct) ;
18 Nov. Robert A. Vogeler
arrested in Hungary (sen-
tenced Feb 50);
14-16 Dec. ex-Deputy Premier
Rostov and others sentenced
and executed in Bulgaria.
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Jan-Mar 49
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
JAN. NSC membership changes:
Secretary of Treasury Snyder
added ;
7 Jan. Dean Acheson suc-
ceeds Marshall as Secretary of
State;
26 Mar. Adra. William D.
Leahy retires as President Tru-
man's chief of Staff, intelli-
gence briefing duties assumed
by Souers ;
28 Mar. Louis A. Johnson
succeeds Forrestal as Secre-
tary of Defense;
10 Aug. Vice President
Barkley added to NSC.
JL
.TAN. F.vecutive Direct or
renamed
CIA Executive? A&M Executive
Irenamed Deputy
CIA Executive, ’responsible for
CIA administrative and support
functions .
25X1A
25X1 A
1 JAN. NSC Intelligence
Survey Group (Dulles Commit-
tee) files final report;
28 Feb. CIA's comments
forwarded;
7 Jul. committee's re-
commendations partially en-
dorsed by NSC. (NSC-50) .
MAR . NSC's internal security
coordinating functions reor-
ganized under J. Patrick
Coyne with two interdepart-
mental committees;
Interdepartmental Intel-
ligence Conference (IIC) re-
established under NSC with
members from FBI, Army, Navy,
and Air Force;
Interdepartmental Commit-
tee on Internal Security
(ICIS) established as a new
committee with members from
State, Treasury, Justice, and
the NME, with CIA on an ad
hoc basis.
18 MAR.
named AD/SO, s
acceeaing
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Mar-Auq 49
Global
25 APR . German Federal Repub-
lic established at Bonn, draft
constitution signed by West
German and Allied leaders;
23 May. constitution rati-
fied by German states (pro-
claimed 15 Jun) ;
15 Sep. Konrad Adenauer
elected Chancellor;
9-11 Nov. admitted to Coun-
cil of Europe membership.
United States
12 MAY . Japan's war repara-
tions payments terminated;
1-14 Sep. peace treaty sup-
ported by Gen. MacArthur and
Secretary Acheson.
3 0 JUN . US national security
and international expenditures
in FY 49 increased to $18.9
billion, from $16.3 billion
in FY 48;
US military strength in-
creased to 1.6 million offi-
cers and men, from 1.4 mil-
lion in FY 48.
5 JUL . Adm..Alan G. Kirk
succeeds Gen. Smith as Ambas-
sador to USSR.
5 AUG . US issues "White Paper"
postmortem report on China's
collapse, announces end of
further aid to Nationalist
combat forces .
10 AUG . National Security Act
amended: NME renamed the De-
partment of Defense, position
of Secretary of Defense
strengthened. Service secre-
taries dropped from NSC mem-
bership, Vice President added.
Chairman of JCS made military
adviser to NSC;
11 Aug. Gen. Omar N. Brad-
ley appointed C/ JCS .
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Mar- Aug 49
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
2 0 MAY . Armed Forces Security
Agency (AFSA) established.
1 JUN . National Co)mmittee for
Free Europe established,
chaired by Joseph C. Grew.
25X1A
25X1 A
20 JUN . CIA Act of 1949 pre-
scribes CIA's personnel, fi-
nancial, procurement, secur-
ity, and related administra-
tive authorities and exemp-
tions .
17 MAY.
ecutive (effective i Jun; .
7 JUL . NSC 50 directs reorgan-
ization within CIA.
22 JUL . lAC membership changes:
FBI's representation re-act-
ivated (D. Milton Ladd) ;
28 Oct. Navy representative,
Adm. Felix L. Johnson (new
D/NI) succeeds Inglis on lAC.
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Sep-Dec 49
Global
United States
23 SEP. USSR's first nuclear
explosion disclosed by Pres,
Truman;
27 Sep. acknowledged by
TASS.
1 OCT . Communist China's
People's Republic proclaimed
in Peking, under Mao Tse-tung
and Chou En-lai;
11 Oct. Chinese Nationalist
government retreats from Can-
ton to Chungking;
30 Nov. to Chengtu;
8 Dec. to Taipei, Formosa;
14 Feb. USSR signs 30-year
mutual aid pact with Communist
China, agrees to $300 million
loan .
7 OCT . German Democratic Re-
public proclaimed in Soviet
zone under Grotewohl and
Pieck;
7 Jun 50. GDR recognizes
Oder-Neisse boundary line in
agreement with Poland.
16 NOV. Shah of Iran visits
US;
30 Dec. joins Pres. Truman
in solidarity statement.
27 DEC . Indonesia's independ-
ence from the Netherlands pro-
claimed at Amsterdam (Sukarno
elected president 16 Dec) ;
28 Dec. recognized by US.
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.q^p-DRc: 49
IntelUgence Community Central Intelllgenoo Agency
15 OCT. CIA's office of Deputy
Director of Central Intelli-
gence (DDCI) , vacant since 10
Mar 49, made a statutory po-
28 OCT. Scientific Intelli- Executive Pay Bill
gence Committee (SIC) estab- of 49.
lished by lAC under CIA chair-
manship.
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Jan-Feb 50
Global
United States
14 JAN . US consular offices in
Peking seized by Communist
regime .
3 FEB . Dr. Klaus Fuchs, Ger-
man-born British scientist,
detained in London on FBI
tip;
1 Mar. pleads guilty of
atomic espionage for USSR.
14 FEB . USSR signs 30-year
mutual aid pact with Communist
China; agrees to $300 million*
loan .
2 JAN . US military protection
of Nationalist China publicly
urged by ex-Pres . Hoover and
Sen. Robert Taft;
5 Jan. rejected by Pres.
Truman ;
12 Jan. Secretary Acheson
warns of Soviet imperialism
in Asia, declares Korea out-
side US "defense perimeter."
19 JAN . Diplomatic boycott of
Spain ended by US;
27 Dec. base negotiations
and loan of $62.5 million to
Spain and appointment of US
Ambassador (Stanton Griffis) .
21 JAN . Alger Hiss convicted
of perjury, having denied in-
volvement in Soviet espionage
in 1937-38.
27 JAN . US military aid ex-
tended to first 8 of 12 NATO
countries .
Mutual defense assistance
agreements signed.
31 JAN . Pres. Truman author-
izes H-bomb development.
10 FEB . US Export-Import Bank
extends $100 million recon-
struction credit to Indonesia;
1 Mar. $20 million to
Yugoslavia;
2 Sep. $150 million to
Mexico.
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Jan-Feb 50
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
6 JAN. NSC redefines protec-
tion by CIA and coniinunity of
intelligence sources and meth-
ods (NSCID Nos. 11 and 12);
19 Jan and 3 Mar. assigns
intelligence tasks of exploit-
ing defectors from abroad
(NSCID Nos. 13 and 14).
15 JAN. NSC staff changes:
James S. Lay, Jr., succeeds
Sidney W. Souers as Executive
Secretary .
Souers made Special Con-
sultant to Pres. Truman, and
added to NSC's membership.
17 FEB . lAC's membership
changes: from JCS , Brig. Gen.
Vernon E. Megee, USMC, (new
DD/Intelligence in Joint Staff)
succeeds Gen. Todd.
From FBI, Victor P. Keay
succeeds Ladd as FBI Director's
representative .
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Mar-Jun 50
Global
United States
19 MAR . Cuba, Guatemala, and
Dominican Republic cited by
OAS committee for plots and
conspiracies disturbing Car-
ibbean peace;
8 Apr. OAS Council orders
corrective action.
8 APR . US patrol plane downed
over Baltic;
11 Apr. USSR charges viola-
tion of Soviet territory;
18 Apr. denied by US;
5 May. US condemns USSR.
2 5 MAY . US-UK-French tripar-
tite declaration on Middle
East supports status quo and
supply of arms both to Israel
and Arab states.
2 5 JUN . South Korea invaded by
Soviet-organized North Korean
array;
27 Jun . US forces under
General MacArthur committed by
Pres. Truman to repel invasion;
8 Jul. MacArthur redesig-
nated UN commander;
1 Oct. UN forces cross 38th
parallel into North Korea.
7 MAR . Judith Coplon (US
citizen) and Valentin Gubichev
(USSR) convicted of conspiracy
and espionage.
2 7 JUN . Pres . Truman orders
7th Fleet to neutralize For-
jnosa, announces intensified
military aid to Philippines
and Indochina.
3 0 JUN . US national security
and international expendi-
tures in FY 50 reduced to
$17.6 billion, from $18.9
billion in FY 49.
Military strength declines
in FY 50 to 1.4 million offi-
cers and men, from 1.6 million
in FY 49.
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Mar-Jun 50
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
6 MAR. Dr. H. Marshall Chad-
well succeeds Dr. Machle as
AD/SI.
14 Apr. NSC 68 issued, ad hoc
cominittee established on US
objectives and programs for
national security.
21 Sep-14 Dec. reports and
directives issued (NSC 68/1 to
6 8/4) .
7 JUN.
Dep-
uty Executive , named acting
r.T7 ^ Executive on departure
of
succeeded by
Murray McConnel, 16 Oct.
25X1A
25X1 A
28 JUN. NSC meetings taken
over by Pres. Truman;
19 Jul. W. Averell Harri-
man (his Special Assistant
since 16 Jun) added to NSC
membership;
Jul. NSC establishes Senior
Staff to coordinate Korean War
staff work, with represent-
atives from State, DOD, NSRB,
Treasury, JCS, and CIA (DCI) ,
Marion W. Boggs ss Coordina
tor .
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Jul-Sep 50
Global
United States
4 JUL . Radio Free Europe (RFE)
beams first broadcast to
Soviet bloc countries .
AUG . West Germany joins
Council of Europe, meeting at
Strasbourg; ^
26 Sep. NATO Council, a-
greeing on integrated European
defense command, includes Ger-
man contribution in principle.
SEP . McCarran Internal Se-
curity Act passed by Congress
over Pres. Truman's veto.
29 SEP. William C. Foster sue
ceeds Paul G. Hoffman as ECA
administrator;
4 Oct. Robert A. Lovett
succeeds Stephen T. Early as
Deputy Secretary of Defense.
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Jul-Sep 50
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
1 JUL. DCI's coordination
staff (ICAPS) renamed Coordin-
ation Operations and Policy
Staff (COAPS) , under Prescott
Childs ;
Sep. Childs succeeded by
James Q. Reber;
1 Dec. COAPS reorganized
as Office of Intelligence Co-
ordination (OIC ) , with Reber
as acting AD.
18 AUG. lAC reconvenes, last
meeting chaired by DCI Hillen-
koetter .
18 AUG . Lt. Gen. Walter B.
Smith appointed by Pres. Tru-
man to succeed R.H. Hillenkoet
ter as DCI;
21 Aug. William H. Jackson
appointed as Smith's DDCI;
28 Aug. Smith confirmed by
Senate ;
7 Oct. sworn in.
12 SEP. NSC membership changes:
Gen . George C. Marshall ap-
pointed Secretary of Defense
to succeed Louis A. Johnson;
12 Oct. DCI Smith replaces
Hillenkoetter ;
16 Dec. Charles E. Wilson
appointed head of Office of
Defense Mobilization.
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Oct-Dec 50
United States
7 OCT . Chinese Communist for-
ces invade Tibet ;
Oct. intervene in Korean
war.
NOV . Japan begins rearmament
with creation of quasi-mili-
tary National Police Reserve
to compensate for shift of
US forces to Korea.
2 8 NOV . Greece and Yugoslavici
restore diplomatic ties.
1 NOV . Assassination attempted
on Pres. Truman by two Puerto
Rican nationalists at Blair
House .
19 DEC . Gen. Dwight D. Eisen-
hower appointed by Pres . Tru-
man to head NATO forces as
Supreme Allied Commander,
Europe, (installed 2 Apr 51
in Paris) .
23 DEC . US commits military
aid to Vietnam, Cambodia, and
Laos, in defense agreement
with these countries and
2g France.
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Intelligence Community
Oct-Dec 50
Central Intelligence Agency
20 OCT . lAC reconvenes, first
meeting chaired by new DCI
Smith: Armstrong (State),
Canine (for Irwin, Army), John-
son (Navy) , Cabell (Air Force) ,
Colby (AEC) , Megee (JCS) , and
Meffert W. Kuhrtz (for Keay,
FBI) .
NOV . CIA Senior Representative
posts established abroad, with
State agreement, starting with
7 DEC . Watch Committee (WC)
established by lAC.
13 NOV . CIA's intelligence pro-
duction offices reorganized:
ORE replaced by Office of Na-
tional Estimates (ONE) under
Vlilliam L. Langer and Office
of Research and Reports (ORR)
for economic and geographic
intelligence and NIS program,
first under Theodore Babbitt,
then Max F. Millikan,
(4 Jan 51).
Office of Current Intelli-
gence (OCI) established 15 Jan
51 under Kingman Douglass.
OS I remained under Dr.
Chadwell .
1 DEC . Two additional Deputy
Directors established in CIA:
DD/Administration (Murray
McConnel) in charge of admin-
istrative support offices, re-
placing CIA Executive.
DD/Operations' (renamed
DD/Plans , 4 Jan 51) (Allen W.
Dulles) supervising OSO, OPC,
and 00 .
13 DEC . DCI's office reor-
ganized: Lyman B. Kirkpatrick
named Smith's Executive Assis-
tant, followed by
(29 Jun bl)
Lof tus E. Becker (29 Nov 51) ,
and
39 -
(Jan 52) .
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Jan-Jun 51
Global
United States
12 FEB . 14 nations confer on
British-sponsored Colombo Plan
for economic development of
South and Southeast Asia.
18 APR . European Coal and
Steel Community treaty (Schu-
man plan) signed at Paris.
2 9 AP R . Mossadegh takes over
as Iran's prime minister;
30 Apr. Anglo-Iranian Oil
Company nationalized.
2 5 MAY . British Foreign Office
employees D.D. MacLean and
G.F. Burgess defect to USSR.
6 JAN . Resumption of US mili-
tary aid to Nationalist China
announced;
20 Apr. increased aid, along
with US Military Advisory
Group, announced.
2 7 MAR . US and Canada conclude
joint civil defense agreement.
4 APR . Senate resolution ap-
proves further US military
buildup (4 divisions) in
western Europe.
10 APR . Gen. MacArthur re-
lieved of Far East commands
by Pres. Truman; Lt. Gen.
Matthew B. Ridgway named as
his successor;
19 Apr. .MacArthur addresses
Congress in joint session;
3 May. Senate Armed Ser-
vices and Foreign Relations
Committee hold hearings on his
dismissal; concluded 25 Jun.
1 8 JUN . US and Saudi Arabia
sign defense agreement.
30 JUN . US national security
international expenditures
increased in FY 51 to $36.1
billion, from $17.6 billion
in FY 50.
Military strength increased
in FY 51 to 3.2 million offi-
cers and enlisted men, from
1.4 million in FY 50.
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Jan-Jun 51
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
APR-MAY. CIA given observer
membership on subcommittees
of Interdepartmental Intel-
ligence Conference (IIC), with
FBI agreement;
Nov. ad hoc membership on
IIC reactivated.
15 FEB. Mai . Gen . W.G. Wyman
succeed
1 Jul
s AD/SO;
B. Kirkpat-
jLyraan
rick named DAD/SO;
17 Dec. Kirkpatrick named
AD/SO . 1
1 APR. Walter R. Wolf succeeds
McConnel as DD/A.
MAY. Economic Intelligence
CTvmittee (EIC) established by
lAC.
20 JUN. Psychological Strategy
Board" (PSB) established by
Pres. Truman, with Under Sec-
retary of State, Deputy Sec-
retary of Defense, and DCI as
principal members .
22 JUN . NSC re-allocates _ eco-
nomic intelligence functions
(NSCID No. 15) .
MAY. Col. Chester B. Hansen
appointed public "CIA
spokesman" and chief of new
Historical Staff;
3 Jul. took over Congres-
sional liaison, assisted by
Walter L. Pforzheimer.
26 JUN. CIA Act of 1949 amend
ed, liberalizes CIA authority
to employ retired military
officers .
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Jul-Sep 51
Global
United States
10 JUL . Korean armistice nego-
tiations started at Kaesong;
26 Jul. truce agenda agreed
on;
23 Aug. first Communist
break-off of negotiations.
30 AUG . Philippines-US mutual
defense treaty signed in Wash-
ington;
1 Sep. ANZUS treaty with
Australia and New Zealand
signed in San Francisco;
30 Mar. both treaties
ratified by US Senate.
8 SEP . Japanese peace treaty
signed by 49 nations at San
Francisco, US-Japan security
treaty also signed;
20 Mar. US Senate ratifies
treaties .
15 SEP . Greece and Turkey join
NATO, enlarging Allied defense
system to 14 nations.
23 AUG . US and Israel sign
treaty of friendship, commerce,
and navigation.
7__SEP. us and Ethiopia sign
economic-aid treaty.
11 SEP . Deputy Secretary Rob-
ert A. Lovett named Secretary
of Defense succeeding Gen.
Marshall;
24 Sep. William C. Foster
succeeds Lovett as Deputy
Secretary .
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Jul-Sep 51
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
JUL . Interagency Priorities
Committee (IPC) for secret col-
lection requirements establish-
ed by lAC.
JUL. lAC ' s membership changes:
from JCS, Brig. Gen. R.C.
Partridge succeeds Megee; from
Air Force, Maj . Gen. John A.
Samford succeeds Cabell (Nov) .
AUG . Bureau of the Budget
gains membership on NSC Sen-
ior Staff.
3 JUL . CIA Career Corps plan
submitted to DCI Smith by
Matthew Baird, Director of
Training;
Sep. Career Service Com-
mittee established under DD/A.
17 Sep. DCI endorses report,
but rejects "small elite
corps", favors eventually in-
cluding "all personnel in CIA,
except clerical personnel, on
a career basis".
9 JUL . Western Hemisphere
Division (WH) established in
DD/P as first combined OSO-OPC
area division;
9 Oct. Near East/Africa
Division (NEA) established;
5 Jan 52. area division
mergers completed.
23 AUG . Allen W. Dulles, DD/P,
succeeds William H. Jackson as
DDCI. (Jackson named as DCI's
Special Assistant and Senior
Consultant, continued on DCI's
executive committee.)
Frank G. Wisner (AD/Policy
Coordination) succeeds Dulles
as DD/P, Wisner in turn replac-
ed by Kilbourne Johnston in
OPC.
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Oct-Dec 51
Global United States
10 OCT . Mutual Security Act
signed combining US economic
and military aid into coordin-
ated 3-year, world-wide anti-
communist program (W. Averell
Harriman, Director) ;
31 Oct. $7.33 billion ap-
propriation signed.
25 OCT . Conservatives win in
British elections;
26 Oct. Winston Churchill
returns to power as Prime Min-
ister;
27 Oct. Anthony Eden named
Foreign Secretary.
NOV- DEC . Espionage cases sur-
faced in Eastern Europe;
(1) 20 Nov. US transport
plane downed in Hungary;
2 Dec. denounced by
USSR as "spy carrier";
23 Dec. fliers sen- 14 NOV . US and Yugoslavia
fenced then released as US sign military aid agreement,
pays fines, closes two
Hungarian consulates, and bans
travel to Hungary;
(2) 27 Nov. announcement
of Czech Vice Premier Rudolph
Slansky's arrest for espionage;
(3) 11 Dec. Romania charges
US parachuted two saboteurs in
Oct ;
20 Dec. denied by US.
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Oct-Dec 51
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
2 3 OCT . NSC defines "scope and
pace" of covert operations in
NSC 10/5.
31 DEC . Raymond B. Allen suc-
ceeds Gordon Gray as PSB
staff director.
28 DEC . Col. L.K. White named
Asst. DD/A under Wolf, effec-
tive 1 Jan 52.
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United States
5 JAN . India and US sign
5-year technical assistance
agreement.
1 8 JAN . US foreign information
programs reorganized in State
Department as the Internation-
FEB- JUN . US-Latin-American al Information Administration
military assistance agreements (IIA), under Dr. Wilson Comp-
concluded: Brazil (15 Feb) , ton.
Ecuador (20 Feb) , Peru (22 Feb) ,
Cuba (7 Mar) , Chile (9 Apr) ,
Colombia (17 Apr), and Uruguay
( 30 Jun) .
20 FEB . NATO Council, meeting
in Lisbon, agrees on rearmament
goal of 50 divisions in West- 28 FEB . US and Japan sign base
ern Europe in 1952. agreement, supplementing 1951
treaty .
12 APR . Gen. Eisenhower resigns
as Supreme Allied Commander,
Europe, effective 1 Jun;
28 Apr. Gen. Matthew B.
Ridgway appointed his succes-
sor.
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, Tan -Apr 52.
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
1 JAN. DCI's executive commit-
tee expanded *.
Loftus E. Becker named Dep-
uty Director (Intelligence)
(DD/I) with supervision over
ONE, OCI, ORR, OS I, OCD, OIC
(1 Mar. 00 added from DD/P) .
25X1A
Becker as DCI ' s Exec . Assr. ;
Col. L.K. White, new A/DDA.
3 JAN. Dr. Sherman Kent suc-
ceeds Dr. Danger as AD/NE and
Chairman of Board of National
Estimates .
12 JAN . Information security
subcommittee, headed by Edward
R. Trapnell, established under
NSC ' s Interdepartmental Commit-
tee on Internal Security (ICIS) .
7 FEB . David K.E. Bruce suc-
ceeds James E. Webb as Under
Secretary of State.
1 MAR. Center for Internation-
al Studies (CENIS) , headed by
Dr. Max F. Millikan, estab-
lished at M.I.T.
2 APR. George F. Kennan suc-
ceeds Adm. Alan G. Kirk as
Ambassador to USSR;
3 Oct. declared PNG by USSR.
25 MAR. Security Office and
CIA's security policies re-
viewed by J. Patrick Coyne
(NSC staff) for DCI and IG ,
report filed Aug 52.
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May -Aug 52
Global
United States
15 MAY . Ethiopia-US technical
assistance agreement signed.
27 MAY . European Defense Com-
munity treaties and agreements
signed in Paris.
23 JUL . Egypt taken over by
Naguib in military coup;
26 Jul. King Farouk abdi-
cates ;
7 Sep. Naguib assumes pre-
miership;
9 Dec. constitution dis-
solved.
20 AUG . USSR announces 5-year
plan, providing 70% increase
in industrial production.
2 3 AUG . Arab League security
pact ratified by Egypt, Syria,
Iraq, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.
30 AUG . Iranian oil settlement
proposed by US and UK;
24 Sep. rejected by
Mossadegh ;
16 Oct. Iran breaks rela-
tions with UK.
1 MAY . American travel to
Communist-dominated countries
banned by State Department.
30 JUN . US national security
and international expendi-
tures increased in FY 52 to
$46.8 billion, from $36.1
billion in FY 51.
Military strength increased
to 3.6 million officers and
enlisted men, from 3.2 million
in FY 51.
27 AUG, 3 SEP . Ex-Ambassador
John Foster Dulles, adviser to
Pres, candidate Eisenhower,
urges "peaceful liberation" of
USSR's Eastern European satel-
lites and rollback of Communist
power, rejects co-existence and
containment .
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May -Aug 52
Central Intelligence Agency
MAY. lAC membership changes;
for Army — Brig. Gen. John
Weckerling succeeds Bolling;
Jul. Col. C.B. Cover-
dale succeeds Weckerling;
Aug. Maj . Gen. R.C.
Partridge succeeds Coverdale.
for JCS — Aug., Brig. Gen.
Edward H. Porter succeeds Part-
ridge .
for Navy — Jun., Rear Adm.
Richard F. Stout succeeds John-
son;
Dec. Rear Adm. Carl F. Espe
succeeds Stout.
9 JUN. DCI Smith's executive
committee renamed deputies
meeting .
28 Aug. Richard Helms (new
Chief of FI Staff and acting
Chief of Operations) added
to committee .
25 JUL. lAC establishes Intel-
ligence Working Group (IWG)
for economic defense intel-
ligence to support NSC's
Economic Defense Advisory Com-
mittee (EDAC) .
AUG. Adm. Alan G. Kirk suc-
ceeds Raymond B. Allen as PSB
director.
14 AUG. lAC establishes Scien-
tific Estimates Committee (SEC),
replacing the Scientific In-
telligence Committee (SIC) ,
and reconstitutes Joint Atomic
Energy Intelligence Committee
(JAEIC) as a permanent stand-
ing committee of lAC.
25X1 A
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Global
United States
2 OCT . UK explodes its first
atomic bomb off Australian
coast, joins US-USSR "nuclear
club . "
15 OCT . Japan strengthens se-
curity forces, establishes Na-
tional Safety Corps and Mari-
time Safety Corps.
31 OCT . Bolivia nationalizes
three largest foreign-owned
tin mines .
1 NOV . US detonates first
hydrogen bomb, at Eniwetok
Atoll .
4 NOV . Gen. Dwight D. Eisen-
hower and Sen. Richard M. Nixon
elected President and Vice
President, defeating Democra-
tic candidates Adlai Stevenson
and John J. Sparkman; inaugur-
ated 20 Jan 53.
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Sep-Dec 52
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
29 SEP. Weekly intelligence
reporting to presidential can-
didates by CIA disclosed;
Nov. National Intelligence
Digest (NID) compiled for
President-Elect.
29 SEP. DCI Smith, testifying
in McCarthy-Benton libel suit,
declares belief in security
assumption that "there are
Communists in my own organiza-
tion," as in "practically
every security agency of the
Government" ;
13 Oct. amends views, tells
House committee that "I have
found no penetration of Com-
munists in my organization in
the US," but that overseas,
"in the past we have from
time to time discovered one
or two in our ranks . "
7 OCT. Col. Stanley J. Grogan
succeeds Col. Chester B. Hansen
as public "CIA spokesman" and
Historical Staff chief.
20 NOV. NSC appointments an-
nounced by President-Elect
Eisenhower: J. Foster Dulles
named Secretary of State and
Charles E. Wilson Secretary
of Defense;
28 Dec. Robert Cutler named
President's Administrative As-
sistant, directed to survey NSC
organization and procedure
(report approved 17 Mar 53) .
- 51
2 NOV. Photo Intelligence
Division established in CIA,
assigned to ORR Geographical
Research Area.
21 NOV. Pres. TriMnan's fare-
well "address to CIA employees.
29 DEC . DCI made permanent
chairman of US Communications
Intelligence Board.
Armed Forces Security Agen-
cy (AFSA) reorganized as Na-
tional Security Agency (NSA) .
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Global
United States
27 JAN . British Canberra bomb-
er achieves less-than-a-day
flight from London to Austral-
ia (22 hours) .
2 FEB . US Fleet's neutraliza-
tion of Taiwan ended.
28 FEB , Yugoslavia military
collaboration agreements with
Greece and Turkey signed.
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Intelligence Community
2 4 JAN. President's Cornmittee
of International Information
Activities established, with
William H. Jackson as chair-
man and Abbot Washburn as Ex-
ecutive Secretary;
30 Jun. repor]: filed;
8 Jul. summary of recom-
mendations published.
29 JAN. Pres. Eisenhower's
NSC convenes for first time.
Secretary of Treasury
George M. Humphrey and Budget
Director Joseph M. Dodge added
to NSC.
FEB . lAC membership changes
under DCl' Dulles' chairman-
ship :
from JCS, Col. Samuel M.
Lansing (alt. for Brig. Gen.
Edward H. Porter) ;
Sep. from AEC, Charles C.
Reichardt;
Nov. from Army, Maj . Gen.
Arthur G. Trudeau.
16 FEB. C.D. Jackson named
Pres. Eisenhower's Special
Assistant for Cold War Plan-
ning.
2'4 .FEB. Dr. Robert L. Johnson
succeeds Dr. Compton as head
of IIA.
Jan-Feb 53
Central Intelligence Agency
24 JAN . Allen W. Dulles, DDCI,
succeeds Walter B. Smith as
DCI; appointment by Pres.
Eisenhower announced;
10 Feb. submitted to Senate;
23 Feb. confirmed by Senate;
26 Feb. sworn in.
24 JAN. Lt. Gen. C.P. Cabell,
head of JCS Joint Staff, named
by Pres. Eisenhower to succeed
Dulles as DDCI;
4 Apr. DDCI position re-
established by National Secur-
ity Act amendment, permitting
either a military or civilian
appointee but prohibiting both
DCI and DDCI positions to be
occupied simultaneously by
commissioned officers;
10 Apr. Cabell's nomination
submitted to Senate and
approved ;
23 Apr. Cabell sworn in.
FEB. DCI Dulles continues
Smith ' s deputies meeting as
Executive Committee:
DD/A Wolf, Asst. DD/A White,
DD/P Wisner, and C/OPS Helms;
1 May. DD/I Becker replaced
by Robert Amory , Jr.;
30 Mar. Lyman B. Kirkpatrick
named IG;
6 Mar .
21 Apr. Huntington sneraon.
OCI Director;
23 Apr . DDCI Cabell,
'[continued as
Executive Assistant.)
DCl'h
25X1A
25X1 A
25X1 A
27 FEB. Charles E. Bohlen
appointed Ambassador to USSR;
27 Mar. confirmed by Senate.
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Global
5 MAR . Stalin dies ;
6 Mar. Soviet leadership
passes to Malenkov;
Deputy chairmen; Molotov,
Beria, Bulganin, and Kagan-
ovich, with Voroshilov heading'
presidium;
20 Mar. Khrushchev, new
presidium member, replaces
Malenkov as Communist Party
first secretary.
United States
6 mar . US and Dominican Repub-
lic sign defense agreement.
28 MAR . Libya joins Arab
League;
30 Jul. signs base rights
and economic aid agreement
with UK.
27 MAR . NIKE guided-missile
batteries for US air defense
announced;
17 Dec. first battery, at
Fort Meade, announced.
10 APR . Dag Hammarskjold
(Sweden) succeeds Lie as UN
Secretary General.
15 MAY . Czechs pardon William
N. Oatis, imprisoned in 1951
for alleged espionage activi-
ties .
22 MAY . US and Ethiopia sign
defense treaty.
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Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
7 MAR. lAC establishes Adviso-
ry Committee on Foreign Lan-
guage Publications, chartered
by NSC (NSCID No. 16), with CIA
chairman and secretariat.
15 MAR. Air Force advisory com-
mittee on air defense (Project
Lincoln), chaired by Dr. James
R, Killian, Jr., issues public
report on US vulnerability to
surprise attack.
17 MAR. Vice President Nixon
named vice chairman of NSC.
17 MAR. NSC Senior Staff
redesignated Planning Board,
DCI represented by DD/I.
Robert Cutler named NSC
Executive Officer.
6 APR. Arthur S. Flemming ap-
pointed Director of Defense
Mobilization;
11 Jun. National Security
Resources Board (NSPB) re-
placed by Office of Defense
Mobilization (ODM) , headed by
Flemming .
27 APR. National security
standards for government _ em-
ployment revised, replacing
executive order of 21 Mar 47.
12 MAY. Adm. Arthur W. Radford
appointed JCS chairman, suc-
ceeding Gen. Bradley;
2 Jun. confirmed by Senate;
15 Aug. took office.
17 MAR . DCI Dulles defends
security and integrity of CIA
personnel before Senator
Joseph McCarthy's subcommittee.
Again, 16 Jul to 3 Aug in
subsequent correspondence with
McCarthy, regarding William
P. Bundy and Alger Hiss.
1 APR. Lyman B. Kirkpatrick
succeeds Stuart Hedden as In-
spector General;
24 Apr. named chairman of
new CIA Career Service Board.
25 May. CIA's career ser-
vice divided initially into 21
occupational -organizational
groups .
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Global
16 JUN . East Berlin labor riots
against government's new pro-
ductivity orders;
17 Jun-12 Jul. Soviet mili-
tary forces intervene.
10 JUL . Beria's dismissal and
arrest on treason charges an-
nounced in USSR;
23 Dec. executed with 6
associates .
11 JUL . Gen. A.lfred M.
Gruenther (US) succeeds Gen.
Ridgway as Sufireme Allied Com-
mander, Europe.
26 JUL . National Liberation
party in Costa Rica, under
Jose Figueres, wins in presi-
dential and congressional
elections .
27 JUL . Korean armistice agree-
ment signed at Panmunjon.
United States
19 JUN . Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg, convicted spies,
executed at Sing Sing.
30 JUN . US national security
and international expenditures
increased in FY 53 to $52.5
billion, from $46.8 billion
in FY 52.
US military strength down
to 3.5 million officers and
enlisted men, from 3.6 million
in FY 52.
15 JUL . US and Japan begin
security agreement negotia-
tions (agreement signed 8 Mar
54) .
8 AUG . USSR announces achieve-
ment of hydrogen bomb;
12 Aug. bomb exploded;
20 Aug. announced.
15 AUG . Mossadegh dismissed
by Shah of Iran, replaced by
Zahedi ;
20 Aug. Mossadegh arrested;
8 Nov-21 Dec. tried and
sentenced for treason.
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■Tnn-Ang 53
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
1 JUL. Col. L.K. White^suc-
ceeds Wolf as acting DD/A
(named DD/A 21 May 54).
9 JUL. CIA rejects Sen.
McCarthy ' s subpena demands , ^
notifying him that "the policy
of the CIA was to refuse to
allow any employee to appear
before any Congressional
20-23 JUL. Congresssional joint committee,"
"watchdog" committee for CIA
and US Intelligence proposed
in resolutions by Sen. Mike
Mansfield and Rep. Edna Kelly.
AUG. Committee on Manpower _ Re-
sources for National Security ,
established by ODM, chaired
by Lawrence A. Appley;
9 Jan. report published.
1 AUG. US Information Agency
(USIA) , headed by Theodore C.
Streibert, replaces State's
IIA.
6 AUG . Foreign Operations
Administration (FOA) replaces
MSA for economic aid programs;
Harold Stassen continued as
NSC member.
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Global
United States
12 SEP . Khrushchev named USSR
Communist Party first secre-
tary of Central Committee. 26 SEP . US air and naval base
rights established in Spain
along with US economic and
military aid to Spain.
1 OCT . US and South Korea sign
mutual security treaty.
6 OCT-14 DEC . Vice Pres . Nixon
visits 19 nations in Far East
and Middle East.
12 OCT . US-Greek agreement on
naval and air bases signed.
4-7 DEC . US, UK, and French
summit meeting in Bermuda.
7 NOV- 10 DEC . US airlifts
Chinese Nationalist troops
from Burma to Taiwan.
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Sep-Dgc 53
Central Intelligence Agency
25X1A
3 SEP. Operations Coordinating
Board (OCB) replaces PSB; mem-
bers include Under Secretary
of State Walter B. Smith (chair-
man) , C.D. Jackson (as
President's representative),
DOD, FOA, and CIaJ representa-
tives (PCI Dulles, assisted
9 SEP . Guided missiles devel-
opment coordinating committee
established in DOD, headed by
Trevor Gardner.
6 OCT . Survey committee on
community's watch system es-
tablished by lAC (report filed
26 Apr 54) .
13-14 OCT . NSC criticism of US
military budgets disclosed,
re-review by JCS undertaken.
5 NOV. Security regulations for
classification and safeguarding
of information recodified by
executive order.
14 DEC . DCI Dulles joins
briefings of Mayor's Conference
on National Defense in
Washington .
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Jan -Mar 54
Global
United States
JAN-APR . Defectors from USSR
request political asylum
abroad;
2 4 i^an . Rastovorov, in
Japan ;
20 Feb. Khokhlov, in Frank-
furt;
13 Apr. Petrov, in Austra-
lia.
2 5 FEB . Nasser takes over
Egypt ;
27 Feb. Naguib restored;
17 Apr. Naguib ousted
again .
7 JAN . Pres. Eisenhower an-
nounces US "massive retalia-
tion" defense strategy;
12 Jan. amplified in speech
by Secretary Dulles.
2 1 JAN . Nautilus , first atomic-
powered submarine, launched at
Groton, Conn;
30 Sep. commissioned.
10 FEB . Strategic Missile
Evaluation Committee , chaired
by AEC commissioner Dr. John
von Neumann, recommends ICBM
with nuclear warhead;
21 Jun. Atlas development
assigned to Air Research and
Development Command (Brig.
Gen. B.A. Schriever) .
26 FEB . Sen. John W. Bricker's
constitutional amendment, re-
quiring Senate approval of US
Executive's foreign agreements,
defeated in Senate, 60-31.
13 MAR- 7 MAY . Viet-Minh forces
in massive a^ssault overcome
French-held Dienbienphu;
1 Apr. invade Cambodia.
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Jan-Mar 54
^ ^ Central Intelligence Agency
Intelligen ce Community
JAN. Supergrade Review Board
r^stablished, under DDCI
Cabell's chairmanship.
1 FEB. Richard M. Bissell, Jr.
named DCI Dulles Special As-
sistant for Planning and Coor-
dination and member of his
deputies meeting;
1 Jul. joined by J.Q. Reber
when QIC was liquidated, ab-
sorbed OIC's community coor-
dination staff functions ex-
cept lAC secretariat, which
was transferred to DDI/ONE.
25X1 A
MAR. Congressional leaders
resume criticism of CIA:
Sen. Mike Mansfield publishes
details of alleged intelli-
gence and operational errors,
and calls again for a joint
"watchdog" committee;
2 Jun. Sen. Joseph McCarthy
charges CIA. infiltrated by
Communists ;
23 Jun. Rep. Peter
Frelinghuysen, Jr. , proposes
a Presidential commission on
foreign intelligence.
1 MAR. Civil Service Commis-
sio~discloses 48 separations
from CIA as security risks;
11 Oct. further separations
reported, totaling ^75 for C IA
out of US total of
security risks (for perxuu
28 May 53 to 30 Jun 54).
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Global
2 APR . Pakistan and Turkey
sign defense agreement;
19 May. US and Pakistan
sign defense agreement.
10 APR . Iranian petroleum
consortium agreement signed
by eight French, Dutch, British,
and US compaijies .
5 Aug. agreement with Iran
announced.
29 APR . India and Communist
China sign agreement on
Chinese control of Tibet and
'■peaceful coexistence";
26-28 Jun. Chou En-Lai
visits India;
19-30 Oct. Nehru visits
China.
5 may . Czechoslovakia protests
US propaganda balloons;
15 Oct. Hungary also pro-
tests balloons.
13 MAY— 22 JUN . UN 5— power dis-
armament subcommittee holds 19
meetings in London on inspec-
tion system, methods of pre-
venting surprise attack, and
ban on nuclear testing.
United States
8 MAR . US and Japan sign de-
fense and economic agreements .
19 MAR . US discloses "atoms
for peace'' plan, including
proposal for International
Atomic Energy Agency.
8_APR. us and Canada announce
30 int radar defense plans;
27 Sep. agreement announced
on construction of Distant
Early Warning (DEW) line.
25 APR . US and Iraq announce
defense agreement.
17 MAY . State Department dis-
closes Soviet Bloc arms ship-
ments to Guatemala.
20-21 MAY . US signs military
agreements with Honduras and
Nicaragua .
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Mar-Hav 54
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
15 MAR. NSC 5412 reaffirms
CIA' s covert action responsi-
bilities in consultation with
OCB and departmental represent-
atives .
1 MAY. Watch Committee _ recon-
s tituted under CIA chairman-
ship by lAC;
Jul. National Indications
Center (NIC) activated as
community supporting staff.
3 MAY. Robert B. Anderson
succeeds Roger M. Kyes as
Deputy Secretary of Defense
and OCB member.
19 MAR. DCI Dulles, in fii^st
press interview as DCI, crit-
icizes press and US Govern-
ment, "We Tell Russia Too
Much , " ( U.S. News and World
Report . )
26 APR. Kermit Roosevelt
appointed Assistant DD/P for
PP and PM activities , and
member of DCI's executive com-
mittee (first as Helms' alter-
nate, then regularly starting
in Aug . )
18 MAY. State Department per-
sonnel advisory committee
(HGnxy M* W^ristori/ ch9.i.irrti3n)
files report, recommends in-
tegration of Departmental and
Foreign Service personnel.
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Global
j JUN . Japan's Self-Defense
Force (JSDF) established.
18-29 JUN . Guatemala's pro-
Communist government (Jacobo
Arbenz Guzman) overthrown by
insurgent forces from Honduras
under Col. Carlos Castillo
Armas ;
10 Oct. Castillo Armas
elected president.
20-21 JUL. Indochina armistice
agreements for Vietnam (parti-
tioned at 17th parallel) , Laos,
and Cambodia, signed at Geneva
Conference .
2 0 JUL . Dr. Otto John, head of
West Germany's Federal Office
for the Protection of the Con-
stitution, defects to East
Germany.
^ AUG . Balkan alliance signed
at Bled by Greece, Turkey, and
Yugoslavia.
United States
2 5 JUN . US Senate resolution
condemns Communist interfer-
ence in Western Hemisphere.
30 JUN . US national security
and international expenditures
reduced to $48.6 billion in
FY 54, from $52.5 billion in
FY 53.
US military strength down
to 3.3 million officers and
enlisted men, from 3.5 million
in FY 53.
5__Jra. US expels three Soviet
embassy aides for espionage.
10_JUL. Agricultural Trade De-
velopment and Assistance Act
approved, including "Food for
Peace" program.
26 AUG . Mutual Security Act
re-affirms and extends anti-
communist programs.
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Jun-Auq 54
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
9 JUN. International Organiza-
tions’ Division (10) activated
in DD/P .
4-8 JUL. Two investigating
committees on CIA and US in-
telligence established to meet
Congressional criticism:
Task force under Gen. Mark
Clark established by Hoover
Commission on the Organization
of the Executive Branch;
Study Group under Lt. Gen.
James A. Doolittle, announced
by Pres. Eisenhower;
30 Sep. Doolittle Group
report filed (summary of find-
ings disclosed by White House,
16 Oct) .
3 AUG . CIA Career Service es-
tablished.
10 AUG. lAC membership changes:
from Joint Staff, Rear Adm.
Edward T. Layton succeeds Gen.
Porter;
from AEC, Harry S. Traynor
succeeds Colby.
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Global
3-6 .SEP . Quemoy and Matsu bom-
barded by Communist China.
8 SEP Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization (SEATO) defense
treaty signed at Manila by US,
UK, France, Australia, N.Z.,
P.I., Thailand, and Pakistan;
four "neutralist" states ab-
stained, India, Indonesia,
Burma, and Ceylon.
3 OCT . Western European Union
TWEuy established. West German
sovereignty and rearmament
agreements signed in London by
Allied foreign ministers;
23 Oct. Protocols signed in
Paris admitting Germany to NATO
terminating Allied occupa-
tion regimes;
29 Oct. US and Germany sign
bilateral treaty.
1 NOV . Algerian war begins.
United States
4 SEP . US Navy P2V patrol
plane downed by USSR over Sea
of Japan;
7 Nov. USAF RB-29 recon-
naissance plane downed off
northern Japan.
9 SEP . US and Libya sign
agreement on economic aid and
military bases.
28 SEP . US requests repatri-
ation of Field family (Noel,
Herta, and Hermann Field) from
Hungary and Poland, imprisoned
since 1949;
16 Nov. release accomplish-
ed.
2 DEC . US and Nationalist
China sign mutual defense
treaty.
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Intelligence Community
Sep-Dec 54
Central Intelligence Agency
4 OCT . Herbert Hoover, Jr.,
succeeds Walter B. Smith as
Under Secretary of State and
OCB chairman;
Dec. Nelson A. Rockefeller
appointed as Pres. Eisenhower's
.Special Assistant for Cold War
Planning and OCB representa-
tive .
8 OCT. Technological Capabil-
ities Panel (TCP) , chaired by
Dr. James R. Killian, Jr., es-
tablished by Office of Defense
Mobilization.
11 DEC. Council on Foreign
Economic Policy, under Joseph
M. Dodge, established to
coordinate US Government's
foreign economic planning.
19 DEC. House committee, under
B. Carroll Reece, concludes
investigation of foundations,
criticizes undue influence in
US foreign information and re-
search programs .
DEC. Prototype of U-2 high-
iTtitude photo-reconnaissance
aircraft achieved (first test
flight Aug 55) .
20 DEC. Counterintelligence
Staff (Cl) activated in DD/P .
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8 FEB . Bulganin replaces Mal-
enkov as USSR chairman;
9 Feb . Zhukov becomes de-
fense minister.
24 FEB . Baghdad pact signed
by Turkey and Iraq;
5 Apr. UK accedes;
23 Sep. Pakistan;
25 Oct. Iran;
21-22 Nov. Council holds
first meetings, with US ob-
servers present.
28 JAN . Military defense of
Formosa Strait area authorized
by Congress in joint resolu-
tion;
29 Jan. approved by Pres.
Eisenhower;
5-11 Feb. Tachen Islands
evacuated with 7th Fleet as-
sistance .
12 FEB . South Vietnamese
army training taken over from
French by US Military Assis-
tance Advisory Group (MAAG) .
5-7 APR . Winston Churchill
resigns as Prime Minister,
succeeded by Anthony Eden;
Harold Macmillan succeeds
Eden as Foreign Secretary;
20 Dec. Macmillan succeeded
by Selwyn Lloyd.
17 APR . Afro-Asian conference
at Bandung opens .
1 4 MAY . Warsaw Pact signed,
establishing Soviet Bloc al-
liance and military command
organization, including USSR,
East Germany, Poland, Hungary,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Ro-
mania, and Albania.
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Intelligence Community Central Intell igence Agency
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3 FEB. DD/A directorate expand-
ed and renamed DD/Support, to
include Offices of Training
and Communications and a
special administrative staff
for servicing DD/P activities .
Col. White continues as
DD/S .
28 FEB. US Information Agency
(USIAT added to OCB membership.
12 MAR. Planning and Coordina-
tion Group (PCG) established
in OCB as coordination channel
for covert actions,' by NSC
5412/1.
19 MAR. Harold E. Stassen ap-
pointed Pres. Eisenhower's
Special Assistant on Disarma-
ment .
APR. Dillon Anderson succeeds
Robert Cutler as Pres. Eisen-
hower's Special Assistant for
National Security Affairs and
NSC executive officer.
JAN. 24-hour watch established
Tn ^National Indications Center.
FEB . CIA Scientific Advisory
Board established b y PCI , un
der chairmanship of
with secretarfae unucj.
1
10 MAY . Clark Task Force re-
port filed;
29 Jun. submitted to
Congress in summary form.
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Mav-Jul 55
Global
15 MAY . Austria State Treaty
signed;
27 Jul. sovereignty restor-
ed;
14 Oct. end of four-power
occupation completed, with de-
parture of US forces.
United States
30 JUN . US and West Germany
sign mutual defense agreement
effective 27 Dec.
30 JUN . US national security
and international expenditures
reduced in FY 55 to $42.8
billion from $48.6 billion in
FY 54.
Military strength down to
2.9 million officers and en-
listed men, from 3.3 million
in FY 54.
18-23 JUL . Big-Four summit
conference at Geneva (Eisen-
hower, Bulganin, Eden, Faure) .
Eisenhower proposes "open
skies" armament control, with
US/USSR mutual aerial inspect-
ion and exchange of military
blueprints ;
16 Dec. his proposal ap-
proved by UN General Assembly.
29 JUL . US reveals earth sat-
ellite plan for International
Geophysical Year (IGY) in
19 57;
30 Jul. USSR announces
similar plan.
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, ... „ Central Intelligence Agency
Intelligence Community E
17 MAY. Senate conmiittee
chaired by Sen. Richard
Russell begins investigation
of alleged US-USSR bomber gap.
19 MAY. lAC esta:|3lishes Ad
Hoc Committee on Information
Processing (AHIP) , with
CIA/OCD chairman and secretar-
iat .
30 JUN . US aerial reconnais-
sance over Sino“Soviet Bloc
areas in FY 55 "substantially
increased" over FY 54.
JUL . lAC membership changes :
22 Jul. from FBI, Alan H.
Belmont succeeds L.V. Boardman?
23 Aug. from Army, Maj .
Gen. Ridgely Gaither succeeds
Gen. Trudeau.
28 JUN.
"[appointed as CIA's new
Senior Scientific Represent-
ative abroad;
8 Aug.
replaced
Herbert Scoville,
in OS I by Dr
Jr., from DOD's Armed Forces
Special Weapons Project.
25X1A
25X1 A
25X1 A
1 JUL. International Coopera-
tion Administration (ICA) es-
tablished within State Depart-
ment, replaces independent FOA
and is dropped from NSC member-
ship.
19 JUL. Survey committee on
community ' s guided missiles
intelligence assets ordered by
lAC, under CIA chairmanship;
25 Nov. report filed.
15 JUL. Construction of new
headquarters installation at
Langley authorized by
Congress, for
CIA's temporary bUiiuinyb
ordered demolished when
vacated.
25X1A
27 JUL. DCI Dulles' executive
committee enlarged by addition
of Special Assistant, Lt. Gen.
Lucian K. Truscott, Jr. (re-
tiring as Senior Represent-
ative, Germany);
Oct. Truscott attached to
Bissell's Plans and Coordina-
tion Staff.
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Global
United States
8-13 SEP . Adenauer visits
Moscow; West Germany and USSR
establish diplomatic rela-
tions .
15 SEP . Cyprus bans EOKA
terrorists .
2 4 SEP . Pres. Eisenhower suf-
fers a coronary thrombosis.
18 NOV-19 DEC . India, Burma,
and Afghanistan visited by
Soviet leaders Bulganin and
Khrushchev, economic aid
agreements negotiated.
14 DEC . 16 states admitted
to UN membership from Eastern
and Western Europe, Middle
East, Asia, and Africa (total
76 states) .
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Auq-Dec 55
Intelligence Community
5 AUG. Reuben B. Robertson,
Jr., sycceeds Anderson as De-
puty Secretary of Defense and
OCB member.
Central Intelligence Agency
AUG. DD/I directorate reorgan-
ized;
1 Aug. ORR's Basic Intelli-
gence Division reconstituted
as a separate Office of Basic
Intelligence (OBI) ;
12 Aug. OCD renamed Office
of Central Reference (OCR) .
SEP. Studies in Intelligence
established in OTR,
25X1A
25X1 A
26 SEP . Attorney General
Herbert Brownell, Jr., joins
NSC as regular member;
3 Oct. Vice Pres. Nixon
requested by Pres. Eisenhower
to continue holding NSC meet-
ings ;
20 Nov. Pres. Eisenhower
holds first NSC meeting since
his illness, at Camp David.
8 NOV. Intermediate-range bal-
listic missile (IRBM) program
assigned to Air Force in coor-
dination with Army and Navy;
17 Nov. Rear Adm. W.F. Ra-
born, Jr., named Navy Coordin-
ator.
1 DEC. CIA's Congressional
relations transferred to IG ' s
supervision ;
2 Nov. Norman S. Paul
succeeds Walter Pforzheimer
as Legislative Counsel;
Jan 56. IG also made re-
sponsible for liaison with
President Eisenhower's new
intelligence consultants'
board and for supervising
DCI's public affairs office.
28 DEC . "5412/2 Designated
Representatives (Special
Group) " established by NSC
for coordinating covert
actions .
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